Definition: Decrease in total hemoglobin level in circulating blood due to decreased amount of hemoglibin packed inside cells, or decrease in red cell size, or both.
Signs: general signs include, dizziness, angina, palor skin and nails, weakness, claudication and fatigue.
Terminology used for Anemia:
Anisocytosis: abnormality in size .
Poikilocytosis: abnormality of shape.
Abnormal shapes of RBCs.
Eliptocytes
Spherocytes
Acanthocytes: cells having numerous spicules on their surface, seen in abetalipoproteinemia.
Echinocytes: cells having smooth undulations on their surface, seen in uremia.
Schistocytes: red cell fragments, helmet cells are a type of these.
Bite cells: seen in G6PD deficiency
Dacrocytes: tear drop cells seen in thalassemia and myelofibrosis.
Drepanocytes:Sickle cell anemia.
Rouleaux: like stalk of coins, seen in multiple myeloma.
Diagnostic terminology:
MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume
MCH: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
MCHC: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration.
RDW: Red Cell Distribution Width.
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